Roll Center on an Impreza

Discussion in 'Modifications & DIY how-to' started by Alex, May 16, 2005.

  1. Alex

    Alex Community Founder Staff Member

    This is something I came across a while back and I thought I'd share. It is most interesting. The following comes from Jim at Whiteline.

    - What roll center is?

    A vehicles roll centre (RC) is the theoretical point (vertical height relative to road) around which the vehicle will roll, either front or rear. Intersection of these points from rear to front determines roll axis. Calculation is relatively complex and imprecise, particularly on modern multilink systems.

    - Why is it important and how does affect me?

    The position of the RC(s) is very important in that its height relative to other factors will determine how much and in what way the vehicle will tend to roll in any given circumstances. Its height can vary from below ground (remember it is a theoretical point) to above the CG (centre of gravity). When compared with the CG, we can determine the "roll couple". Imagine an inverted pendulum where the pivot represents the RC and the pendulum weight itself represents the CG. Contemplate this with varying lengths for the same weight, then superimpose a theoretical axle line below the pivot at varying heights.

    In general, the lower the RC relative to the CG the more the car will want to roll (at that end) no matter what you do. The lower the RC the greater the propensity to roll.

    -How suspension geometry/components affect it? (do camber plates, height adjustability independent of spring preload type struts, camber bolts, have an effect on roll center?)

    Though increasing complex to calculate with multilink especially, one reasonably simple example is found with MacPherson strut equiped suspensions as the strut itself forms one of the vectors for calculation of the angles. Hence, relocation of upper mount or lower mount position will change static roll centre. That is, camber adjustable strut top will change roll centre when changing camber. Lengthened or shortened lower arms will also change roll centre where as camber bolts fitted to the hub have no effect.

    - The affects of lowering on the roll center, also known as "subterranean roll center bad"? (What is too low? Is there such a thing as being too low in regards to roll center?)

    The angle of the lower control arm relative to the ground is also part of the calculation on MacPherson strut equiped vehicles. Excessive lowering will almost always invert this angle leading to more roll, sometimes exponentially if this results in a "subterranean" RC. (Very bad from a handling point of view)

    MacPherson strut equiped vehicles are reluctantly used for racing because one fundamental drawback of the setup is that it delivers a "migrating roll centre", generally down. That is, the lower the ride height or the more a wheel is compressed the lower the RC becomes, exacerbating roll which further lowers the RC.... (Note that roll compresses outside wheel suspension further lowering RC as it does).

    Playing with vehicle "rake" or front to rear ride height affects the roll axis which is fundamental to the inate balance of the chassis. That is, lowering the front excessively relative to rear (most common mistake with cosmetic lowering as people try to even up tyre to guard gaps) slopes the roll axis further down to the front creating all manner of on-road changes even touching spring or bar rates etc.
     

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